match-case

match-case operator is used to spot a certain type from Union or Any type. The spotting is required to perform certain operation. Let's review the following example.

match tx {
    case _: TransferTransaction|ExchangeTransaction => t.amount > 100 && sigVerify(tx.bodyBytes, tx.proofs[0], tx.senderPublicKey)
    case _ => false
}

In this example, if

• the type of transaction is transfer transaction or exchange transaction,
• amount field value is greater than 100 -

then it will be sent to blockchain. If the transaction has a different type and/or amount field value is lesser than 100, then it will be rejected.

For how to use match ... case with tuples, see the Tuple article.

⚠️ Do not use match-case with tuples longer than 9.

Possible Issue

Let's review the following code.

{-# STDLIB_VERSION 2 #-}
{-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
{-# SCRIPT_TYPE ACCOUNT #-}

match (tx) {
    case t: TransferTransaction|ExchangeTransaction|MassTransferTransaction|Order => false   # deny any transfer of funds from the account
    case _ => sigVerify(...)
}

In this example we are using version 2 of Ride standard library, STDLIB_VERSION 2, and we want to reject any funds transfer from our account. In order to do this, we are returning false for

• TransferTransaction
• ExchangeTransaction
• MassTransferTransaction

Transactions of other types (i.e. transactions that does not transfer funds) are being sent to blockchain. But Ride is developing rapidly, and a new transaction types are emerging. Features of invoke script transaction which is not supported by Ride v2 include attaching payments to transfer tokens to the account of the called dApp. This means that the InvokeScriptTransaction won't be caught by first case. It will pass to the default branch case _ => and sent to blockchain. As a result, the funds transfer from account may take place.

Solution

To prevent reviewed issue, it is recommended to return false in default case. Then for the entities, not listed in previous branches, sending to blockchain will be rejected.

Below is the sample of script which rejects any funds transfer from account, but allows all other transactions existing in Ride v2. Usage of case _ => false rejects any other transactions, not supported by the Ride v2 (i.e. invoke script transaction).

{-# STDLIB_VERSION 2 #-}
{-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
{-# SCRIPT_TYPE ACCOUNT #-}
  
match tx {
    case t: TransferTransaction|ExchangeTransaction|MassTransferTransaction|Order => false   # deny any transfer of funds from the account
    case _: Transaction => sigVerify(tx.bodyBytes, tx.proofs[0], tx.senderPublicKey) # allow all other known transaction types if the signature is correct
    case _ => false  # deny any other (new, unknown) entity type since they are not supported in the Ride version used
}