waves_logo Docs
  • Why Waves
    Why Waves
  • Waves Basics
    Waves Basics
  • Account
    • Creating Account
      Creating Account
    • Address
      Address
    • Account Balance
      Account Balance
    • Account Data Storage
      Account Data Storage
    • Alias
      Alias
    • dApp and Smart Account
      dApp and Smart Account
    Account
  • Token (Asset)
    • Non-Fungible Token
      Non-Fungible Token
    • Smart Asset
      Smart Asset
    • Token ID
      Token ID
    • WAVES
      WAVES
    Token (Asset)
  • Transaction
    • Transaction Fee
      • Sponsored Fee
        Sponsored Fee
      Transaction Fee
    • Signature and Proofs
      Signature and Proofs
    • Transaction Types
      • Burn Transaction
        Burn Transaction
      • Create Alias Transaction
        Create Alias Transaction
      • Data Transaction
        Data Transaction
      • Exchange Transaction
        • Order
          Order
        Exchange Transaction
      • Genesis Transaction
        Genesis Transaction
      • Invoke Script Transaction
        Invoke Script Transaction
      • Issue Transaction
        Issue Transaction
      • Lease Cancel Transaction
        Lease Cancel Transaction
      • Lease Transaction
        Lease Transaction
      • Mass Transfer Transaction
        Mass Transfer Transaction
      • Reissue Transaction
        Reissue Transaction
      • Set Asset Script Transaction
        Set Asset Script Transaction
      • Set Script Transaction
        Set Script Transaction
      • Sponsor Fee Transaction
        Sponsor Fee Transaction
      • Transfer Transaction
        Transfer Transaction
      • Update Asset Info Transaction
        Update Asset Info Transaction
      • Ethereum-like Transaction
        Ethereum-like Transaction
      Transaction Types
    • Transaction Validation
      Transaction Validation
    Transaction
  • Block
    • Transactions Root Hash
      Transactions Root Hash
    • Genesis Block
      Genesis Block
    Block
  • Node
    • Leasing
      Leasing
    • Generator’s Income
      Generator’s Income
    • Monetary Policy
      Monetary Policy
    Node
  • Mainnet, Testnet, Stagenet
    Mainnet, Testnet, Stagenet
  • Unit Zero
    Unit Zero
  • Oracle
    Oracle
  • Protocols & Data formats
    • Cryptographic Practical Details
      Cryptographic Practical Details
    • Leased Proof of Stake
      Leased Proof of Stake
    • Waves-NG Solution
      Waves-NG Solution
    • Waves-NG Protocol
      Waves-NG Protocol
    • Waves 1.5
      Waves 1.5
    • Blockchain Data Types
      Blockchain Data Types
    • Binary Format
      • Address Binary Format
        Address Binary Format
      • Alias Binary Format
        Alias Binary Format
      • Block Binary Format
        Block Binary Format
      • Network Message Binary Format
        • Block Message Binary Format
          Block Message Binary Format
        • Checkpoint Message Binary Format
          Checkpoint Message Binary Format
        • Get Block Message Binary Format
          Get Block Message Binary Format
        • Get Peers Message Binary Format
          Get Peers Message Binary Format
        • Get Signatures Message Binary Format
          Get Signatures Message Binary Format
        • Handshake Message Binary Format
          Handshake Message Binary Format
        • Peers Message Binary Format
          Peers Message Binary Format
        • Score Message Binary Format
          Score Message Binary Format
        • Signatures Message Binary Format
          Signatures Message Binary Format
        • Transaction Message Message Binary Format
          Transaction Message Message Binary Format
        Network Message Binary Format
      • Order Binary Format
        Order Binary Format
      • Transaction Binary Format
        • Burn Transaction Binary Format
          Burn Transaction Binary Format
        • Create Alias Transaction Binary Format
          Create Alias Transaction Binary Format
        • Data Transaction Binary Format
          Data Transaction Binary Format
        • Exchange Transaction Binary Format
          Exchange Transaction Binary Format
        • Genesis Transaction Binary Format
          Genesis Transaction Binary Format
        • Invoke Script Transaction Binary Format
          Invoke Script Transaction Binary Format
        • Issue Transaction Binary Format
          Issue Transaction Binary Format
        • Lease Cancel Transaction Binary Format
          Lease Cancel Transaction Binary Format
        • Lease Transaction Binary Format
          Lease Transaction Binary Format
        • Mass Transfer Transaction Binary Format
          Mass Transfer Transaction Binary Format
        • Reissue Transaction Binary Format
          Reissue Transaction Binary Format
        • Set Asset Script Transaction Binary Format
          Set Asset Script Transaction Binary Format
        • Set Script Transaction Binary Format
          Set Script Transaction Binary Format
        • Sponsor Fee Transaction Binary Format
          Sponsor Fee Transaction Binary Format
        • Transfer Transaction Binary Format
          Transfer Transaction Binary Format
        • Update Asset Info Transaction Binary Format
          Update Asset Info Transaction Binary Format
        • Ethereum-like Transaction Binary Format
          Ethereum-like Transaction Binary Format
        Transaction Binary Format
      • Transaction Proof Binary Format
        Transaction Proof Binary Format
      Binary Format
    • Validation Rules
      Validation Rules
    Protocols & Data formats
  • Glossary
    Glossary
      • English
      • Русский
      On this page
        • A
        • B
        • C
        • D
        • E
        • F
        • G
        • H
        • L
        • M
        • N
        • O
        • P
        • R
        • S
        • T
        • U
        • V
        • W
      waves_logo Docs

          # Glossary

          # A

          # Account

          An account is a cryptographically connected pair of public and private keys on the blockchain. Accounts uniquely correlate transactions and orders with their senders.

          Read more

          # Account data storage

          An account data storage is the store of data records in the key-value format associated with the account. Each account has single data storage. The size of the account data storage is unlimited.

          Read more

          # Account script

          An account script is a Ride script that has the following directives:

          {-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
          {-# SCRIPT_TYPE ACCOUNT #-}
          

          The account script is attached to the account using the set script transaction. Only one script can be attached to an account. An account with an account script attached is called a smart account.

          # Address

          An address is a unique account identifier. The address can be represented as an alphanumeric string.

          Read more

          # Alias

          An alias is a short, easy-to-remember address name. There cannot be two aliases with the same name. A single address can have multiple aliases.

          Read more

          # Asset

          An asset is a synonym for the token.

          # Asset script

          An asset script is a Ride script that has the following directives:

          {-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
          {-# SCRIPT_TYPE ASSET #-}
          

          The asset script is attached to the asset using the set asset script transaction. You can attach a script to an asset only at the time the asset creation. However, you can change the script later, if needed. An asset with a script attached to it is called a smart asset.

          # B

          # Block

          A block is a unit of the blockchain chain. The block contains transactions and the header.

          Read more

          # Blockchain

          A blockchain is a continuous sequential chain of blocks, that are linked using cryptography.

          The blockchain has the height.

          # Block height

          A block height is a block sequence number in the blockchain.

          # Blockchain height

          A blockchain height is a sequence number of the last block in the blockchain.

          # Blockchain network

          A blockchain network is a computer network that consists of nodes.

          # Block signature

          A block signature is a hash that the generating node receives when it signs the generated block with the private key of the generating account.

          # C

          # Consensus

          The consensus is a set of rules in accordance with which blockchain operates. Waves uses the LPoS consensus.

          # D

          # dApp

          A dApp is an account with the dApp script attached.

          Read more

          # dApp script

          A dApp script is a Ride script used to create dApp. The dApp script has the following directive:

          {-# CONTENT_TYPE DAPP #-}
          

          dApp-script can be attached to the account using the set script transaction, and, as a result, the dApp will be created.

          Read more

          # Decentralized application

          A decentralized application is an application that is stored and executed on the blockchain network.

          # E

          # Explorer

          Explorer (or Waves Explorer) is an online service https://wavesexplorer.com that displays Waves blockchain data in a human-readable form.

          # F

          # Faucet

          A test network faucet (or faucet) is a Waves Explorer tool that refills Testnet or Stagenet accounts with the WAVES test tokens. For one recharge, the user receives 10 testnet WAVES.

          # G

          # Generating account

          A generating account is an account that the generating node uses to sign the generated blocks.

          # Generating node

          A generating node is a node that can generate blocks. Generating node can be either a validating or a light node.

          Read more

          # Genesis block

          The genesis block (or genesis) is the very first block of the blockchain. The genesis block contains one or several genesis transactions.

          # Genesis transaction

          Genesis transaction is a genesis block transaction that charges WAVES to an account. The genesis transactions define the initial distribution of WAVES between accounts during the creation of the blockchain.

          Read more

          # H

          # Hash

          A hash is a result of applying a hash function.

          # Hash function

          A hash function (or fold function) is a function that converts an array of input data of arbitrary length into a bit string of a fixed length, performed by a certain algorithm.

          # L

          # Leasing

          Leasing is a temporary reversible transfer of WAVES from one account to another to increase the stability and security of the network, as well as potentially get block reward. Note that the WAVES tokens are not actually being transferred to another account, they remain on the sender's balance, however, they are 'frozen' and cannot participate in the buying and selling operations, as well as they cannot be sent to another account. The leased tokens provide the leasing recipient with a greater chance to generate a block. The recipient of the lease can share the reward from generating blocks with the one who leased WAVES to him. However, the Waves protocol does not regulate the payment process, this remains at the discretion of the block generators. At any time, the sender can 'unfreeze' tokens by invoking the Lease Cancel transaction.

          Read more

          # Light Node

          Light node does not validate transactions in blocks and microblocks received from other nodes, instead applying ready-made state snapshots.

          Read more

          # LPoS

          LPoS (or Leased Proof of Stake) is a consensus algorithm in which the probability of generating the next block by the participant is proportional to the share of the utility token belonging to this participant or leased to this participant from their total supply. In other words, the more tokens on the generating account (own and leased to them), the higher the probability of generating the next block.

          # M

          # Mainnet

          Mainnet is the main Waves blockchain network.

          Read more

          # Matcher

          Matcher is an off-chain service that executes orders and sends Exchange transactions.

          Read more

          # Matcher fee

          A matcher fee is a fee that matcher takes from both accounts that participate in the exchange of the pair of tokens.

          # Multisignature

          Multisignature is an implementation of an electronic signature that requires the use of several private keys as a condition for transaction execution.

          # N

          # NFT

          NFT (Non-Fungible Token) is a token with unique ID. Two 'regular' tokens can not be distinguished from each other — they are the same, i.e. fungible. Each NFT is unique; there cannot be two identical NFTs. Most often NFTs are used in games.

          Read more

          # Node

          A node is a [host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network)) that is connected to the blockchain network using the Waves Node application. The node stores blocks, sends and validates transactions.

          Read more

          # O

          # Oracle

          Oracle is a provider of data from the outside world to the blockchain.

          # Order

          Order is a request for exchange one token (asset) for another.

          Read more

          # P

          # PoS

          PoS (Proof of Stake) is a consensus algorithm in which the probability of generating the next block is proportional to the share of tokens belonging to this participant from their total supply. In other words, the more tokens on generating account, the higher the probability of generating the next block is.

          # PoW

          PoW (Proof of Work) is a consensus algorithm in which it is required to perform a complex calculation in order to generate a new block. That is, the higher the performance of the generator's equipment, the higher the probability of generating the next block.

          # Private key

          The private key is one of a pair of account keys. The account owner signs the transaction with the private key before sending it, and, as a result, gets the digital signature of the transaction.

          # Public key

          The public key is one of a pair of account keys. A public key uniquely correlates a transaction with its sender. The transaction signature is checked against the public key with some function, and, if it returns true, we can be sure that the user has valid private key for this public key.

          # R

          # Ride

          The Ride is a functional expression-based programming language. Ride is used to write scripts. The language has strong static typing , it is case sensitive, has no loops and goto-like expressions, and therefore it is Turing-incomplete .

          Read more

          # S

          # Script

          A script is the source code on the Ride language. There are three types of scripts: dApp script, account script, asset script.

          # Secret phrase

          Secret phrase (or Seed) is a set of characters (usually, it is 15 English words with spaces between them) that allows you to access your Waves address and, accordingly, the funds on your account. When registering an account, you are asked to keep your secret phrase safe.

          # Smart account

          A smart account is an account with an account script attached. Only one script can be attached to an account. The account script is attached to the account using the set script transaction.

          # Smart asset

          A smart asset is a token with an asset script attached.

          # Stagenet

          Stagenet is the Waves blockchain network, which is used for experiments, intermediate testing of new functionality, as well as providing access for the Waves community to intermediate releases. It is important to consider that this network is unstable, a frequent rollback of blockchain data to the N-th height in the past is possible.

          Read more

          # T

          # Testnet

          Testnet is a Waves blockchain test network, which is used by developers to test their products, and by users to get acquainted with the blockchain.

          Read more

          # Token

          A token is a blockchain object that represents another object from the physical or virtual world or an abstract concept.

          Read more

          # Transaction

          Transaction is an action on the blockchain on behalf of the account. Transactions can be sent only from the account — thus, any transaction can be correlated with a certain account.

          Read more

          # Transaction body bytes

          Transaction body bytes normally consist of all the fields of the transaction binary format with the exception of the following fields:

          • transaction ID (it is not stored on the blockchain),
          • version flag,
          • proofs or signature, depending on the version of the transaction.

          The contents of transaction body bytes is given in the description of the binary format of each type and version of the transaction.

          Based on the transaction body bytes, the transaction ID and signature are generated. The guideline for generating a signature and ID is given in the Cryptographic practical details article.

          # U

          # UTX pool

          UTX pool (or Unconfirmed Transactions pool) is a list of unconfirmed transactions awaiting to be added to a block.

          # V

          # Validating node

          Node that validates all transactions and blocks coming to it.

          Read more

          # W

          # WAVELET

          WAVELET is 1/100,000,000 WAVES. 1 WAVELET is the minimum number of WAVES that you can work with within the Waves blockchain.

          # WAVES

          WAVES is the main token of the Waves blockchain. 1 WAVES equals 100,000,000 WAVELET. In April 2016, 100 million WAVES were released. WAVES cannot be burned using a burn transaction.

          Read more

          Validation Rules
          Validation Rules