# Glossary

# A

# Account

An account is a cryptographically connected pair of public and private keys on the blockchain. Accounts uniquely correlate transactions and orders with their senders.

# Account data storage

An account data storage is the store of data records in the key-value format associated with the account. Each account has single data storage. The size of the account data storage is unlimited.

# Account script

An account script is a Ride script that has the following directives:

{-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
{-# SCRIPT_TYPE ACCOUNT #-}

The account script is attached to the account using the set script transaction. Only one script can be attached to an account. An account with an account script attached is called a smart account.

# Address

An address is a unique account identifier. The address can be represented as an alphanumeric string.

# Alias

An alias is a short, easy-to-remember address name. There cannot be two aliases with the same name. A single address can have multiple aliases.

# Asset

An asset is a synonym for the token.

# Asset script

An asset script is a Ride script that has the following directives:

{-# CONTENT_TYPE EXPRESSION #-}
{-# SCRIPT_TYPE ASSET #-}

The asset script is attached to the asset using the set asset script transaction. You can attach a script to an asset only at the time the asset creation. However, you can change the script later, if needed. An asset with a script attached to it is called a smart asset.

# B

# Block

A block is a unit of the blockchain chain. The block contains transactions and the header.

# Blockchain

A blockchain is a continuous sequential chain of blocks, that are linked using cryptography.

The blockchain has the height.

# Block height

A block height is a block sequence number in the blockchain.

# Blockchain height

A blockchain height is a sequence number of the last block in the blockchain.

# Blockchain network

A blockchain network is a computer network that consists of nodes.

# Block signature

A block signature is a hash that the generating node receives when it signs the generated block with the private key of the generating account.

# C

# Consensus

The consensus is a set of rules in accordance with which blockchain operates. Waves uses the LPoS consensus.

# D

# dApp

A dApp is an account with the dApp script attached.

# dApp script

A dApp script is a Ride script used to create dApp. The dApp script has the following directive:

{-# CONTENT_TYPE DAPP #-}

dApp-script can be attached to the account using the set script transaction, and, as a result, the dApp will be created.

# Decentralized application

A decentralized application is an application that is stored and executed on the blockchain network.

# E

# Explorer

Explorer (or Waves Explorer) is an online service https://wavesexplorer.com that displays Waves blockchain data in a human-readable form.

# F

# Faucet

A test network faucet (or faucet) is a Waves Explorer tool that refills Testnet or Stagenet accounts with the WAVES test tokens. For one recharge, the user receives 10 testnet WAVES.

# G

# Generating account

A generating account is an account that the generating node uses to sign the generated blocks.

# Generating node

A generating node is a node that can generate blocks. Generating node can be either a validating or a light node.

# Genesis block

The genesis block (or genesis) is the very first block of the blockchain. The genesis block contains one or several genesis transactions.

# Genesis transaction

Genesis transaction is a genesis block transaction that charges WAVES to an account. The genesis transactions define the initial distribution of WAVES between accounts during the creation of the blockchain.

# Hash

A hash is a result of applying a hash function.

# Hash function

A hash function (or fold function) is a function that converts an array of input data of arbitrary length into a bit string of a fixed length, performed by a certain algorithm.

# L

# Leasing

Leasing is a temporary reversible transfer of WAVES from one account to another to increase the stability and security of the network, as well as potentially get block reward. Note that the WAVES tokens are not actually being transferred to another account, they remain on the sender's balance, however, they are 'frozen' and cannot participate in the buying and selling operations, as well as they cannot be sent to another account. The leased tokens provide the leasing recipient with a greater chance to generate a block. The recipient of the lease can share the reward from generating blocks with the one who leased WAVES to him. However, the Waves protocol does not regulate the payment process, this remains at the discretion of the block generators. At any time, the sender can 'unfreeze' tokens by invoking the Lease Cancel transaction.

# Light Node

Light node does not validate transactions in blocks and microblocks received from other nodes, instead applying ready-made state snapshots.

# LPoS

LPoS (or Leased Proof of Stake) is a consensus algorithm in which the probability of generating the next block by the participant is proportional to the share of the utility token belonging to this participant or leased to this participant from their total supply. In other words, the more tokens on the generating account (own and leased to them), the higher the probability of generating the next block.

# M

# Mainnet

Mainnet is the main Waves blockchain network.

# Matcher

Matcher is an off-chain service that executes orders and sends Exchange transactions.

# Matcher fee

A matcher fee is a fee that matcher takes from both accounts that participate in the exchange of the pair of tokens.

# Multisignature

Multisignature is an implementation of an electronic signature that requires the use of several private keys as a condition for transaction execution.

# N

# NFT

NFT (Non-Fungible Token) is a token with unique ID. Two 'regular' tokens can not be distinguished from each other — they are the same, i.e. fungible. Each NFT is unique; there cannot be two identical NFTs. Most often NFTs are used in games.

# Node

A node is a [host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(network)) that is connected to the blockchain network using the Waves Node application. The node stores blocks, sends and validates transactions.

# Oracle

Oracle is a provider of data from the outside world to the blockchain.

# Order

Order is a request for exchange one token (asset) for another.

# PoS

PoS (Proof of Stake) is a consensus algorithm in which the probability of generating the next block is proportional to the share of tokens belonging to this participant from their total supply. In other words, the more tokens on generating account, the higher the probability of generating the next block is.

# PoW

PoW (Proof of Work) is a consensus algorithm in which it is required to perform a complex calculation in order to generate a new block. That is, the higher the performance of the generator's equipment, the higher the probability of generating the next block.

# Private key

The private key is one of a pair of account keys. The account owner signs the transaction with the private key before sending it, and, as a result, gets the digital signature of the transaction.

# Public key

The public key is one of a pair of account keys. A public key uniquely correlates a transaction with its sender. The transaction signature is checked against the public key with some function, and, if it returns true, we can be sure that the user has valid private key for this public key.

# R

# Ride

The Ride is a functional expression-based programming language. Ride is used to write scripts. The language has strong static typing, it is case sensitive, has no loops and goto-like expressions, and therefore it is Turing-incomplete.

# Script

A script is the source code on the Ride language. There are three types of scripts: dApp script, account script, asset script.

# Secret phrase

Secret phrase (or Seed) is a set of characters (usually, it is 15 English words with spaces between them) that allows you to access your Waves address and, accordingly, the funds on your account. When registering an account, you are asked to keep your secret phrase safe.

# Smart account

A smart account is an account with an account script attached. Only one script can be attached to an account. The account script is attached to the account using the set script transaction.

# Smart asset

A smart asset is a token with an asset script attached.

# Stagenet

Stagenet is the Waves blockchain network, which is used for experiments, intermediate testing of new functionality, as well as providing access for the Waves community to intermediate releases. It is important to consider that this network is unstable, a frequent rollback of blockchain data to the N-th height in the past is possible.

# Testnet

Testnet is a Waves blockchain test network, which is used by developers to test their products, and by users to get acquainted with the blockchain.

# Token

A token is a blockchain object that represents another object from the physical or virtual world or an abstract concept.

# Transaction

Transaction is an action on the blockchain on behalf of the account. Transactions can be sent only from the account — thus, any transaction can be correlated with a certain account.

# Transaction body bytes

Transaction body bytes normally consist of all the fields of the transaction binary format with the exception of the following fields:

transaction ID (it is not stored on the blockchain),
version flag,
proofs or signature, depending on the version of the transaction.

The contents of transaction body bytes is given in the description of the binary format of each type and version of the transaction.

Based on the transaction body bytes, the transaction ID and signature are generated. The guideline for generating a signature and ID is given in the Cryptographic practical details article.

# U

# UTX pool

UTX pool (or Unconfirmed Transactions pool) is a list of unconfirmed transactions awaiting to be added to a block.

# V

# Validating node

Node that validates all transactions and blocks coming to it.

# WAVELET

WAVELET is 1/100,000,000 WAVES. 1 WAVELET is the minimum number of WAVES that you can work with within the Waves blockchain.

# WAVES

WAVES is the main token of the Waves blockchain. 1 WAVES equals 100,000,000 WAVELET. In April 2016, 100 million WAVES were released. WAVES cannot be burned using a burn transaction.